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Basic Terminology for Programming in C Most of the following definitions are adapted from The C Programming Language (3rd edition) by B. As phrased below, some of the definitions are circular. The circularity can be replaced by a formal recursion (with base cases), but for clarity, it is left in. Italicized words are defined. Apr 28, 2019 This definition of void in C and C gives three usages of void for computer programmers. David Bolton is a software developer who has worked for several major firms, including Morgan Stanley, PwC, BAE Systems, and LCH. Visual Basic Glossary Terms. An Introduction to Pointers and Their Usage for Delphi Beginners. C Program to Display Fibonacci Series In this article, you will learn to print fibonacci series in C programming (up to nth term, and up to a certain number). To understand this example, you should have the knowledge of the following C programming topics.
A scope is a region of the program and broadly speaking there are three places, where variables can be declared −
We will learn what is a function and it's parameter in subsequent chapters. Here let us explain what are local and global variables.
Local Variables
Variables that are declared inside a function or block are local variables. They can be used only by statements that are inside that function or block of code. Local variables are not known to functions outside their own. Following is the example using local variables −
Global Variables
Global variables are defined outside of all the functions, usually on top of the program. The global variables will hold their value throughout the life-time of your program.
A global variable can be accessed by any function. That is, a global variable is available for use throughout your entire program after its declaration. Following is the example using global and local variables −
A program can have same name for local and global variables but value of local variable inside a function will take preference. For example −
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Initializing Local and Global Variables
When a local variable is defined, it is not initialized by the system, you must initialize it yourself. Global variables are initialized automatically by the system when you define them as follows −
It is a good programming practice to initialize variables properly, otherwise sometimes program would produce unexpected result.
When we consider a C++ program, it can be defined as a collection of objects that communicate via invoking each other's methods. Let us now briefly look into what a class, object, methods, and instant variables mean.
![]() C++ Program Structure
Let us look at a simple code that would print the words Hello World.
Let us look at the various parts of the above program −
Compile and Execute C++ Program
Let's look at how to save the file, compile and run the program. Please follow the steps given below −
Make sure that g++ is in your path and that you are running it in the directory containing file hello.cpp.
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You can compile C/C++ programs using makefile. For more details, you can check our 'Makefile Tutorial'.
Semicolons and Blocks in C++
In C++, the semicolon is a statement terminator. That is, each individual statement must be ended with a semicolon. It indicates the end of one logical entity.
For example, following are three different statements −
A block is a set of logically connected statements that are surrounded by opening and closing braces. For example −
C++ does not recognize the end of the line as a terminator. For this reason, it does not matter where you put a statement in a line. For example −
is the same as
C++ Identifiers
A C++ identifier is a name used to identify a variable, function, class, module, or any other user-defined item. An identifier starts with a letter A to Z or a to z or an underscore (_) followed by zero or more letters, underscores, and digits (0 to 9).
C++ does not allow punctuation characters such as @, $, and % within identifiers. C++ is a case-sensitive programming language. Thus, Manpower and manpower are two different identifiers in C++.
Here are some examples of acceptable identifiers −
C++ Keywords
The following list shows the reserved words in C++. These reserved words may not be used as constant or variable or any other identifier names.
TrigraphsDev C Terms And Definitions
A few characters have an alternative representation, called a trigraph sequence. A trigraph is a three-character sequence that represents a single character and the sequence always starts with two question marks.
Dev C++ Games
Trigraphs are expanded anywhere they appear, including within string literals and character literals, in comments, and in preprocessor directives.
Dev C++ For Windows 10
Following are most frequently used trigraph sequences −
All the compilers do not support trigraphs and they are not advised to be used because of their confusing nature.
Whitespace in C++Dev C Terms List
A line containing only whitespace, possibly with a comment, is known as a blank line, and C++ compiler totally ignores it.
Whitespace is the term used in C++ to describe blanks, tabs, newline characters and comments. Whitespace separates one part of a statement from another and enables the compiler to identify where one element in a statement, such as int, ends and the next element begins.
Dev C++ Example ProgramsStatement 1
In the above statement there must be at least one whitespace character (usually a space) between int and age for the compiler to be able to distinguish them.
Statement 2
In the above statement 2, no whitespace characters are necessary between fruit and =, or between = and apples, although you are free to include some if you wish for readability purpose.
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